]
[Footnote 110: _Voyage en Islande; Atlas Historique_; t. ii., pl.
130-133.]
[Footnote 111: _Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas_: pp. 97, 98.]
[Footnote 112: Page 113.]
[Footnote 113: _Russia and the Ural Mountains_, i. 186, sqq.]
[Footnote 114: See the Papers read before the Geological Society of
London, on March 9, 1842, by Sir John Herschel and Sir E. Murchison, the
substance of which has been given above.
See also the _Edinburgh Philosophical Journal_ for 1843 (xxxv. 191), for
an attempt by Dr. Hope to explain the phenomena of this cave by a
reference to the slow penetration of the winter and summer waves of cold
and heat. Dr. Hope believes that, although the external changes do not
travel to any great depth, they reach far enough to communicate with
some of the fissures leading to the cave.]
[Footnote 115: _Voyages_ (French translation); Paris, 1788; i. 364.]
[Footnote 116: In the gypsum to the NE. of Kungur, on the banks of the
Iren, there is a cave containing ice. Four of its chambers have ice, in
one of which a stalagmite of ice rises almost to the roof.
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